Multiple sclerosis (MS) decline could be slowed down with the widely used cholesterol-lowering drugs statins,
demonstrating both anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects on the
nervous system in previous studies, and chosen for this reason in the
latest study.
Study leader Dr Jeremy Chataway of University College London
Hospitals, said: “In the progressive stage of MS the brain shrinks by
about 0.6 per cent a year. Our main measure of success was to reduce the
rate of brain atrophy.”
After the early trial results, published in The Lancet,
showed an encouraging effect from statins leading to slow brain
shrinkage in people with MS, The University College London (UCL)
scientists say larger trials are now able to get underway.
MS is a fairly common autoimmune disease that is suffered by around
100,000 people around the UK. It occurs following damage to a protein
surrounding the brain and spinal cord (myelin) after a breakdown in the
immune system. Nerve signals become disrupted from the brain to the rest
of the body leading to vision impairment, muscle stiffness and
uncontrollable movement, fatigue and ataxia (balance and coordination
problems).
Unfortunately, there is no cure at present but certain treatments may
help in the early stages of MS, slowing down the progression of the
disease and reducing the number of relapses.
After about 10 years, it is thought about half of those with
relapsing remitting MS then develop advanced secondary progressive MS,
where symptoms get worse and there are less or sometimes even no periods
of remission.
Although no licensed drugs have found to be effective at treating
this stage of MS, Dr Jeremy Chataway and his colleagues are optimistic
low cost statins could be considered as an option.
For the study the researchers assessed 140 people with secondary
progressive MS. They randomly assigned a high dose (80mg) of one the
most commonly prescribed statins – simvastatin – to half the group,
whilst the rest were simply given a placebo. Everyone was then monitored
over a period of two years.
MRI scans conducted prior to and after the study period showed an
average yearly brain shrinkage of 0.3% for those taking simvastatin,
compared to the previously predicted 0.6%. This worked out as a
reduction of 43% when factors such as age and gender were taken into
account.
Despite not being the primary focus of the study, those patients
taking statins were also discovered to have small but significant
improvements in their disability scores against those that had taken
placebo tablets.
Dr Chataway added: “Caution should be taken regarding
over-interpretation of our brain imaging findings, because these might
not necessarily translate into clinical benefit. However, our promising
results warrant further investigation in larger phase 3
disability-driven trials.”
Dr Susan Kohlhaas, head of biomedical research at the MS Society,
said: “There are no treatments that can stop the condition from
worsening in people with progressive MS. Scientists have worked for
years to find a potential treatment that could help people, and now,
finally, one has been found that might. This is very exciting news.
Further, larger clinical trials are now absolutely crucial to confirm
the safety and effectiveness of this treatment.”
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