With the weather starting to change as we approach the winter months,
temperatures are noticeably dropping, scarves and gloves are being
dusted off for use and unfortunately many of us will be struck down with
colds and influenza.
If you are unwell then there is a good chance you will possibly want
to get cosy in front of your fire and cuddle up to your pet dog or cat,
however – think again. Scientists in the United States are now claiming
that humans could pass on their flu infection to our furry friends.
Though the risk is relatively small, they say that awareness needs to be
raised about the generally unknown condition ‘reverse zoonosis’, but it
has caused some degree of concern amongst health experts and
veterinarians.
Influenza is a respiratory illness, more
serious than a typical common cold. People are at risk of getting the
flu throughout the year, but are more at risk during the winter months,
hence where the name ‘seasonal flu’ is spawned from. The symptoms of the
condition include aching muscles and joints, coughing, fever, headache
and a sore throat. Flu can be so debilitating that often the sufferer is
confined to their bed for a few days due to exhaustion.
In the UK alone there are an estimated 600 deaths annually due to
complications arising from seasonal flu. This figure can skyrocket to
about 13,000 fatalities during an epidemic, such as the swine flu
outbreak of 2009.
The swine flu was a new variant of the common H1N1 virus (responsible
for the majority of flu cases) and was so deadly partly because people
didn’t have much of an immunity to it as it had not previously been
discovered in humans or pigs. The pandemic was curbed to a massive
extent with the wonder medication Tamiflu, which prevents influenza
virus from spreading inside the body and helps to ease or prevent the
symptoms arising from the influenza virus infection.
It is also the H1N1 flu strain that is being seen in human to pet
transmissions. Christiane Loehr, an associate professor at Oregon State
University’s College of Veterinary Medicine, says that ever since the
1970s experts have been aware that cats are at risk of catching the flu
and in the year 2000 it became apparent that dogs could get it as well.
Despite this, there was incredibly little in the way of reported
instances of such occurrences happening.
Approximately 80 to 100 million households in the U.S. have a cat or
dog, and 20 million in the UK. With such a high number of pets,
researchers warn it may be best to distance ourselves from our pets when
we next get struck down with symptoms of the flu.
The first confirmed case of a fatal human to cat transmission
happened in Oregon in 2009 says Professor Loehr, with the pandemic H1N1
virus being the culprit. The cat’s owner had become seriously unwell
from the flu and had to be taken to hospital. Whilst in hospital, her
cat also became ill with the flu and subsequently died due to pneumonia
caused by the H1N1 virus.
Since this tragic event, health experts have witnessed 13 cats and
one dog with pandemic H1N1 infection during 2011 to 2012 that came about
from human transmission. Even some pet ferrets have been found to be
infected and a few died.
Professor Loehr is currently conducting further research into reverse
zoonosis. She says, “We worry a lot about zoonosis, the transmission of
diseases from animals to people. But most people don’t realize that
humans can also pass diseases to animals, and this raises questions and
concerns about mutations, new viral forms and evolving diseases that may
potentially be zoonotic. And, of course, there is concern about the
health of the animals. It’s reasonable to assume there are many more
cases of this than we know about, and we want to learn more. Any time
you have infection of a virus into a new species, it’s a concern, a
black box of uncertainty. We don’t know for sure what the implications
might be, but we do think this deserves more attention.”
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